The Sublime in Tintern Abbey Essay - 3280 Words

The Sublime in Tintern Abbey Lifting from Longinus, Burke, and Kant -- authors whose works Wordsworth would have read or known, perhaps indirectly, through Coleridge -- I want to look at how our reading of this nuanced term is necessarily problematic and difficult to pin down. Is the sublime a stylistic convention of visual representation? Is it a literary trope? Is it a verbal ruse? Or is the sublime a conceptual category defying, or at least interrogating the validity of verbal representation? Though I look at select passages from Tintern Abbey, reading (or re-reading) the concept into the poem, I take my guided (or misguided) understanding of the sublime as a springboard and template for reading subsequent treatments in†¦show more content†¦How do we untie sublimity from its semantic and epistemological knot? Would doing this favor a different reading of some of these poets? I would begin, then, with Dionysius Longinus, generally considered to be one of the first thinkers to have thought about th is issue in his tract Peri Hypsous, On The Sublime. What he brings to the debate has certainly been the most lasting. We call this the rhetorical sublime. Longinus posits as his principal lesson the idea of elevated style -- not only how one may achieve greatness of expression, but also how one may gain fame by convincing others of ones verbal and oratorical fortitude. Ultimately, his aim is to convince posterity to mimic great works. Under this decree, he lists the following sources of the sublime. First, one must formulate great thoughts or introduce grand concepts (by this he means lasting thoughts and affecting concepts); second, one must inspire, waking others from their intellectual latency by engaging them with their respective passions; the third consists of ones ability to speak figuratively, a stylistic rigor most effective when done inconspicuously, when evading our attention; the fourth source is nobility of diction and phrasing, such as the uses of tropes; and lastly, t he sublime is inherent in the affective arrangement of language, in the tendency to unifying disparate parts into coherent wholes. These are not mutually exclusive.Show MoreRelatedA Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey, By William Wordsworth And On First Looking Into Chapman s Homer1190 Words   |  5 PagesSublime, as the keyword that guides the two major poems, â€Å"Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey† by William Wordsworth and â€Å"On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer† by John Keats, has helped both authors to express their genuine feelings. The word â€Å"sublime† is used when you have a great respect and a sense of excellence for something; â€Å"Of such excellence†, the feeling of awesome. The feeling awesome has a root word of â€Å"awe†, which means the feeling of respect for fear or wonder. The word canRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Mont Blanc 912 Words   |  4 Pagesinclinations made by William Wordsworth in his poem, â₠¬Å"Tintern Abbey†. There is however an expansion made on Wordsworth’s affections toward nature and its aweing power; while Shelley agrees that there is only a small amount of those who can truly grasp the full intention of what the natural world teaches, he largely finds nature in defiance with man’s own predilections and perceptions regarding its behavior and influence. â€Å"Mont Blanc† seeks out nature’s sublime instead of its lovely and simplistic benevolenceRead MoreThe Great Writers From The Romantic Era1389 Words   |  6 Pagesevident that his definition of the sublime â€Å"mind to grasp at something towards which it can make approaches but which it is incapable of attaining† did in fact influence Mary Shelley’s writing of Frankenstein (Wordsworth, â€Å"From Enlightenment† 84) From the picturesque images of Mount Blanc and Lake Genva, to the frozen North Sea, it feels like Wordsworth’s hand is guiding Shelleyâ €™s pen as the foundation for the novel is laid down, and it is this presence of the sublime that makes Frankenstein the masterfulRead MoreAn Age Dominated By Logic And Reason1086 Words   |  5 Pagesand reason with the sublime. It was a response to how cold, bitter, and hollow living life based solely on logic was. Among the many artists, novelists, and poets that championed the movement, was a painter by the name of Joseph Mallord William Turner. J.M.W Turner is remembered for works such as The Fall of an Avalanche in the Grisons, Snow Storm-Steam-Boat off a Harbour’s Mouth and Tintern Abbey, whose location was the subject of a poem by William Wordsworth. Tintern Abbey is one example of howRead More Tintern Abbey: Summary Essay1767 Words   |  8 PagesTintern Abbey: Summary William Wordsworth reflects on his return to the River Wye in his poem â€Å"Lines: Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey on Revisiting the Banks of the Wye During a Tour†. Having visited Wye five years prior, he is familiar with how enchanting the place is. He describes the natural wonders of the Wye, which travels past Tintern Abbey, a medieval abbey in the village of Tintern, which is in Monmouthshire, Wales. This Cistercian Abbey was founded by Walter de Clare, Lord ofRead MoreNature And Time By William Wordsworth1197 Words   |  5 PagesColeridge. Thus, to gain a better understanding the Romantic period as a whole, it is useful to focus on the works of William Wordsworth, the period’s flagship writer. To do this, one can conduct a close reading of â€Å"Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey† and compare the progression and emphasis of the poem to that of â€Å"Elegiac Stanzas†. In doing so, one can see Wordsworth’s focus on the su blimity of nature and the attributes that are associated with the passage of time. From the very start ofRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth s Tintern Abbey 2027 Words   |  9 PagesRelationship with Nature in ?Tintern Abbey? William Wordsworth was a Romantic poet best known for his works that emphasized his appreciation for nature. His passion for nature strongly influenced his poetry, especially ?Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey.? Using his memories from his previous visit to Tintern Abbey to he expresses his appreciation and awe for nature. At the same time, his goal is to persuade others to feel for nature as he does. In ?Tintern Abbey,? Wordsworth demonstratesRead MoreA Philosophical Enquiry Into The Origin Of Our Ideas Of The Sublime And Beautiful Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesIn A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful Edmund Burke writes, â€Å"It is the nature of grief to keep its object perpetually in its eye, to present it in its most pleasurable views, to repeat all the circumstances that attend to it†. Burke’s writing attempts to clarify the â€Å"pictorial, literary, cultural, economic and psychological† phenomenon of sublimity, explicating the ways in which power, vastness, obscurity and beauty intersect to form emotional responseRead MoreThe Age Of Manufacturing That Preceded The Romantic Movement1387 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneral freedom of thought, which thus sparked the Romantic Movement. Two poets that romanced nature during this era were: William Wordsworth (1770-1850) and John Keats (1795-1821). â€Å"To Autumn† by John Keats and â€Å"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey† by William Wordsworth are both comparable and representative of the Romantic Movement. They have separate techniques and application, but are both recognized as significant works of Romanticism. The themes in both poems emphasize nature, emotionRead MoreEnglish IV – Unit 9: Romantic and Victorian Poetry Project: 19th-Century Views Oral Report William700 Words   |  3 PagesVictorian Poetry Project: 19th-Century Views Oral Report William Wordsworth’s poem, â€Å"Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey, On Revisiting The Banks Of The Wye During A Tour. July 13, 1798† (also known as simply, â€Å"Tintern Abbey†), was included in the book Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems. This was a joint effort between himself and author Samuel Taylor Coleridge. â€Å"Tintern Abbey† remains one of Wadsworth’s most famous poems, and at its printing, the book was completely sold out in two years

U.S. Constitution vs. Jamaican Constitution - 1444 Words

Upon initial consideration, one would presume that the United States Constitution and the Constitution of Jamaica would not be similar at all. After all, the United States Constitution was ratified in 1787, whereas the Jamaican Constitution was not ratified until 1962, the year Jamaica gained its independence. At first glance, Jamaicas constitution appears to be most similar to that of England, because they both establish a parliament and share the same chief of state (Queen Elizabeth II). These similarities are understandable considering the United Kingdom owned Jamaica until Jamaica gained its independence in 1962. But if one digs deeper into Jamaicas constitution, the many resemblances with the United States Constitution begin to†¦show more content†¦As with the U.S., bills may be introduced by any member of either house, and approved by both houses. The existence of an upper house (Senate) in both Constitutions permits useful participation in public affairs to those who might not wish to run for election. Senate also encourages the patronage offerings of the major political parties. The final branch that the Constitution of Jamaica creates is the judicial branch. As is the case with the U.S. judicial branch, the Jamaican judiciary is a network of courts, ranging from petty sessions of the Court of Appeal, to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London, which is essentially identical to the U.S. Supreme Court. Also like the U.S. judicial system, the head of the Jamaican judicial branch is the Chief Justice. In addition to an elected House of Representatives and an appointed Senate (upper house), the Parliament consists of a ceremonial head, the Queen, or in her absence the Governor-general. The Governor-general nominates the twenty-one members of the Senate: thirteen on the Prime Ministers advice and eight on the opposition leaders advice. The sixty House of Representative members are elected by the citizens of Jamaica based on p opular vote. The Jamaican Constitution requires that the Prime Minister call a general election no later than five years after the first sitting of the previous Parliament (Government and Politics). In order to qualify forShow MoreRelatedAfrican Transformation from 1865-19201832 Words   |  8 Pagesfor blacks to vote. Even with the right to vote blacks were suppressed by and scared out of voting be the Klu Klux Klan which used tactics such a lynchings to scare blacks of voting. Ida B. Wells was a black journalist who exposed lynchings in the U.S. Literacy test and poll taxes were also tactics used by white surprimisist to get blacks not to vote. Even with black codes and the KKK, this time period of Reconstruction was still a successful time for freedmen. They had three amendments passed inRead MoreCatal Hyuk2725 Words   |  11 PagesSoutheast Asia Easter Island Andes Mountains Chavin de Huantar CHAPTER 7: The Empires of Persia IDENTITIES: Archaemenids Cyrus Darius Parthians Tribute Standardized Coins Qanat Alexander of Macedonia Free vs. Unfree Labor Magi Seleucids Satrapies Royal Road â€Å"Eyes and ears of the king† Xerxes Bureaucrats Zoroastrianism MAPS: Persepolis Anatolia Afghanistan Macedonia Thrace Royal Road Bactria Iran IndusRead MoreThe Federal Government Must Decriminalize Marijuana Essay2419 Words   |  10 Pages19th amendment to the U.S. constitution, known as prohibition, that marijuana became a widely used substance in the U.S.. A large part of the original fear and misrepresentation of marijuana was due to ethnic and racial concerns, especially in the southeastern United States. Immigrant populations moving from Mexico into the U.S. and some other groups such as Jamaicans and other West Indian transplants from the slave trade were introducing the weed into the population of the U.S. as a recreationalRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 PagesPolitical institutions, similarly to economic institutions, determine the constraints on and the incentives of the key actors, but this time in the political sphere. Examples of political institutions include the form of government, for example, democracy vs. dictatorship or autocracy, and the extent of constraints on politicians and political elites. For example, in a monarchy, political institutions allocate all de jure political power to the monarch, and place few constraints on its exercise. A constitutionalRead Mo reOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageschronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored, even expanded, their global political and economic preeminence only to see it eclipsed by the emergence of the Soviet and U.S. superpowers on their periphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict. The bifurcated international system that resulted from the cold war standoff extended the retreat of globalization, but nurtured the liberation of most of

The Secret Circle The Divide Chapter 8 Free Essays

The kitchen was shadowy and quiet when Cassie stepped inside. Her mother wasn’t home, and she was glad. She didn’t want to have to explain why she was hauling bricks out of the fireplace. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just up the block, Diana was retrieving the tiara and whatever other materials they’d need to complete the resuscitation spell. And a little farther down Crowhaven Road, the rest of the group was somehow going to convince Melanie to allow them to bring her great-aunt’s body to the lighthouse. Before this year, Cassie had never even seen a real dead body, and now she was going to put her hands over one and try to bring it back to life. The fireplace wasn’t such a creative hiding spot for the bracelet, Cassie knew, but it had worked successfully for so many years, why try to think up someplace different? Deep inside its gaping stone mouth, she found the silver document box just as she’d left it. And when she removed its ancient lid, the bracelet glistened inside, as if it were celebrating the sudden, surprising light. Cassie allowed herself to admire the bracelet’s beauty for only a second. She ran her fingers over the intricate design on its rich silver surface and felt its weight in her hands. But then Diana called to her from outside. â€Å"Be right there!† she yelled, and ran upstairs to quickly change into her ceremonial white shift. Once she was dressed and ready, she found Diana waiting for her on the front porch swing with a large cotton sack at her side. She’d also changed into her ceremonial shift, but there was a composure to Diana’s appearance that Cassie could only aspire to. Even under all this stress, Diana remained in control. Cassie reached for her hand, hoping some of the strength would rub off Diana’s skin onto hers. And somehow it did. A few moments of holding Diana close calmed her. â€Å"We’re doing the right thing,† Diana said. â€Å"We need Constance.† Cassie remembered what a refuge Constance had been since she lost her grandmother. And all the afternoons she’d spent in her parlor, learning new spells and studying ancient rituals. Constance was the only connection to the old ways the Circle had. â€Å"I know we are,† Cassie said in her most courageous voice. â€Å"I’m ready to go.† â€Å"Okay, everyone, let’s get started.† Diana emptied the cotton sack onto the table when they arrived at the lighthouse and immediately began reading directions from her Book of Shadows. It didn’t surprise Cassie how everyone automatically turned to Diana in moments like this – moments when it really mattered. She would always be the most natural leader among them, no matter what. â€Å"The body should be entirely covered in white cloth of two layers,† Diana read aloud to Adam. â€Å"With head and face veiled in tull e.† She gestured to a pile of fine white netting on the table. Adam nodded. â€Å"I’ll take care of it,† he said. Nick, Chris, and Doug pushed all the furniture to the room’s perimeter. Melanie kneeled in the center beside the covered body. Cassie helped Deborah drape the windows with purple linens. Diana approached Faye carrying two golden censers. â€Å"We have to fumigate the chamber with sage and frankincense,† she said. Faye had changed into her ceremonial black shift, and she was already wearing the green leather garter with its seven silver buckles. She accepted the censers from Diana and then called Sean over to tend to the chore. â€Å"Where’s the diadem?† she asked. Diana nodded over to Melanie, sitting solemnly with the diadem on her head. â€Å"She’s the one who gets to wear the Tools tonight,† Diana said. â€Å"She’s doing the conjuring. The rest of us are her support.† Even Faye couldn’t disagree that Melanie should be the one leading this spell, but she still tore the garter from her leg with fury before walking it over to Melanie. Cassie followed close behind her, removing the bracelet from her wrist on her way. In a few minutes, the room had been properly prepared, and Diana called for the ritual to begin. â€Å"Faye and Cassie, will you do the honors of casting the circle according to my instructions? Forgive me if I go slowly – this text is really hard to read – but I’ll do my best. Is everyone ready?† Cassie looked around the dimly lit room. She wasn’t the only one who seemed nervous, but nobody was about to back out now. Melanie appeared to be in a cloudy-eyed daze, but she looked more beautiful wearing the Master Tools than Cassie had ever seen her. Diana cleared her throat and began reading aloud. â€Å"A magic circle is to be formed upon the ground with an ink of soot and port wine. A second circle is formed half a foot within the first.† Together Cassie and Faye formed the circles around Melanie and Constance, using the chalice of ink Diana had prepared. â€Å"And within there,† Diana continued, â€Å"cast a triangle, the center of which will serve as the resting place of the deceased and primary conjurer.† Cassie and Faye formed the triangle within the circles, outlining Melanie and Constance. â€Å"Everyone get inside,† Diana said. â€Å"And then I’ll close the outer circle with the four layers of protection.† Quickly the group arranged itself, kneeling upon the outer circle’s perimeter as Diana called on the elements. â€Å"Powers of Air, protect us,† Diana called out. â€Å"Powers of Fire, protect us.† Cassie closed her eyes and listened. â€Å"Powers of Water, protect us.† Diana enunciated each syllable with precision. â€Å"And finally,† she said, â€Å"I call on the powers of Earth to protect us.† Diana then joined the circle beside Cassie and continued reading from her Book of Shadows. â€Å"To commence, the conjurer must light a black candle and cast it over the body seven times thereon, calling the name of the spirit to be raised.† All eyes turned to Melanie now. Cassie wondered if she had the strength to do it. But the Tools glistened, and Melanie’s posture straightened as she lit the candle and passed it over the white sheet, calling out, â€Å"Great-Aunt Constance, Constance Burke, hear us.† Diana continued, â€Å"Then from a golden chalice of dried amaranth flowers, sprinkle the body and its surrounding area.† While Melanie did the sprinkling, Diana said, â€Å"Melanie, repeat after me: Thou who art mourned, see now the nature of this mourning.† And Melanie repeated, â€Å"Thou who art mourned, see now the nature of this mourning.† Cassie felt her eyes fill with tears as Diana chanted: This is the spell that we intone Flesh to flesh and bone to bone Sinew to sinew and vein to vein Constance shall be whole again They all concentrated hard, harnessing their powers together as one. Cassie could sense an energy rising up from the center triangle, webbing out to each member of the group, linking them all together in a maze of light. Diana read aloud, â€Å"After a moment of silence and concentration, uncover the face of the deceased. Then call to the spirit again, affectionately. Say ‘Welcome.'† With quivering hands, Melanie gently unveiled Constance’s face. â€Å"Great-Aunt Constance,† she said. â€Å"Welcome.† â€Å"The body will stir,† Diana read. â€Å"The eyes will open, and then the desired awakening.† The room crackled with energy. Cassie could feel it zipping and twisting around her in spirals, but she wasn’t afraid of it anymore. The air around them warmed, and Cassie could see the life flickering back into Constance’s face slowly, like the rising sun. Then a shape began to form. Cassie noticed it faintly at first in the glow on Constance’s forehead, but then it grew bigger and brighter until it stood out like an iridescent bruise. It was most definitely a symbol, a primal-looking mark resembling two crooked U-shapes within a hexagon. Then everything went dark. The light that had come to Constance’s face, the symbol, the candles ill uminating the room – all of it disappeared, as if a heavy blanket were dropped from the ceiling, snuffing the room to death. Diana lit her lantern and held it up to Melanie’s grief-stricken face. Her great-aunt Constance was still dead. And now she had to experience her death all over again. â€Å"The spell didn’t work,† Laurel said. â€Å"But it was working.† Diana’s eyes franticly searched the group. â€Å"Didn’t you all feel it?† â€Å"Yes, of course,† Adam said. â€Å"I don’t understand what went wrong.† Faye was silent but looked just as confused as the others. Adam spoke out again. â€Å"Is there anything more to the spell, Diana? Does it say anything else in your book?† Diana squinted at the bottom of the page she’d been reading, then turned to the next page, and then turned it back again. â€Å"It’s nearly ill egible,† she said. â€Å"But there’s a scrawled line here at the bottom edge.† She held her lantern close to the book’s tiny wording. â€Å"It says, ‘Should nothing result, and this witch hath been true . . .’ and then it stops. Whatever it said next got smudged out.† â€Å"Smudged out?† Faye grabbed the book from Diana’s hands to have a look for herself. â€Å"How could something so important be smudged out?† â€Å"It’s a three-hundred-year-old book,† Adam said in Diana’s defense. â€Å"It’s not that hard to believe.† Cassie wondered if she was the only one who saw the symbol appear on Constance’s forehead. Or had she imagined it? Over the echoes of Melanie’s sobs, she knew it wasn’t the right time to ask. Constance was lost to them forever. It was late by the time Cassie got back home, but her mother was awake, lying on the sofa in her nightgown. She sat upright as soon as Cassie stepped in from outside. â€Å"Are you all right?† she asked. â€Å"Yes,† Cassie assured her, closing and locking the door behind her. â€Å"How’s Melanie?† â€Å"She’s been better.† Cassie pulled her jacket tightly closed, not wanting her mother to see she was wearing the white shift. â€Å"And Constance?† Cassie hesitated. She realized her mother was eyeing the Master bracelet on Cassie’s left wrist. â€Å"You know then,† Cassie said. â€Å"About the resuscitation spell.† Her mom nodded and gestured for Cassie to join her on the sofa. â€Å"I just figured,† she said. â€Å"Did it work?† At first Cassie simply shook her head and took off her coat. But she wanted to be able to tell her mom everything, even about the symbol she saw ill uminating Constance’s forehead. And for once she did, without holding anything back for her mother’s benefit. Her mother surprised her by listening, really listening this time. She didn’t change the subject or become so overwhelmed with fear that Cassie had to worry about her more than herself. Until she mentioned the symbol she saw appear on Constance’s forehead. â€Å"The symbol,† Cassie said, â€Å"looked like something primal. Like two bent U-shapes inside a hexagon.† Cassie noticed the alarmed look that flashed across her mother’s face. â€Å"What is it?† Her mother shook her head. â€Å"Not two U-shapes,† she said. â€Å"One. A W.† Cassie didn’t understand what she was hearing. â€Å"W, as in Witch,† her mother said. Cassie was breathless. Her mother closed her eyes for a moment and when she reopened them they looked as grim as two black coals. â€Å"I know what went wrong with the spell,† she said. â€Å"There’s a way a witch can be killed that can never be reversed. But there’s only one kind of person who can do it.† â€Å"Who?† Cassie asked. â€Å"What kind of person?† â€Å"A witch hunter,† her mother said. How to cite The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 8, Essay examples

BCG Matrix of KFC free essay sample

KFCs parent company is Yum! Brands, Inc., the worlds largest restaurant company in terms of system restaurants, with more than 37,000 locations in more than 120 countries and territories and employing more than one million associates. Yum! is ranked number 239 on the Fortune 500 List, with revenues exceeding $11 billion in 2008. Therefore, KFC is well-known in the world; the market growth of KFC is low which mean the market would hard to grow anymore. KFC is in the ‘Cash Cows’ area. Cash Cows is where company has high market share. These units typically generate cash in excess of the amount of cash needed to maintain the business. They are regarded as staid and boring, in a â€Å"mature† market, and every corporation would be thrilled to own as many as possible. They are to be â€Å"milked† continuously with as little investment as possible, since such investment would be wasted in an industry with low growth. We will write a custom essay sample on BCG Matrix of KFC or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nowadays, KFC still dominates the chicken fast food industry while has stores in more than 100 countries operating vast profits. Although, due to increased conditions of life, and differentiation of the life style of the population around the world, there is still a lots of room for expansion, especially in countries with large population, and high development rate. KFC using the BCG matrix and SWOT analysis to analyze what is the current position of the company and identify that the company has the potentials to growth in fast food market. The BCG Matrix made a significant contribution to strategic management and continues to be an important strategic tool used by companies today. The matrix provides a composite picture of the strategic position of each separate business within a company so that the management can determine the strengths and the needs of all sectors of the firm. The development of the matrix requires the assessment of a business portfolio, which include an organization’s autonomous divisions (activities, or profit centers). (See appendix 4) Porter’s five forces model 1.Rivalry among existing competitors There are some competitors of KFC such as McDonalds, Subway and burger king. As we know, every fast-food restaurant’s menu is quite similar. So, the intensity of rivalry is relatively high. There is a strong competition, companies would compete over price. KFC can take some controls over the  sales through their strength and opportunities like producing more menus like healthy fast food before the competitors do. 2.Threat of entry from new competitors The opportunity of new entrants in this fast-food industry is low, because the start up cost may be high and also it’s hard to compete over the largest giant fast-food restaurant. Another reason, why is it so hard for new entrants to start up in fast-food industry may be the brand loyalty. Fast-food restaurant like KFC, McDonalds, Burger King and other giant fast food restaurant already has their strong customer base. 3.Bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers of KFC is low. As we can see, KFC carbonated drinks is under Pepsi.co, and they seems to have kind of contract to prevent KFC to have any business with another carbonated drinks company such as Coca cola. While KFC can’t get any supplier for the carbonated drinks, Pepsi.co do supplies their product to KFC’s main competitors. 4.Bargaining power of Buyers / Customers As KFC is not the only fast food restaurant, the bargaining power of buyers is high. Customers have lots of choices for fast food, either the customers are looking for the affordable prices or the tastes of the food. It all depends on the customers. Overall, the competition between these industries can be categorized as a healthy competition. 5.The Threat of Substitute products and services The existence of substitute products can be a strong competitive threat for companies as it doesn’t allow the company to raise the prices of the product and increase the profitability. All of the fast food companies can considered as substitute to each other as they serve the customers the same way. There are large number substitute product that can replace the KFC, such as pizza, burger and others.