Animal testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Animal testing - Essay Example The same government that recommended safety medical test using animals has now provided a contradictory law against animal use in the scientific experiments. Animal rights activists and ecologists have ganged up to protect the welfare of animals by all means. After experiencing the suffering of a frog during a dissection practice lesson in high school, the urge to re-evaluate the consequences of animal testing was unavoidable. The hypothesis of this paper is that animal testing is an unethical practice that should be replaced with alternative medical research procedures. Activists such as Abbot have commended the efforts of the European Centre for Validation of Alternative Methods that will liberate animals from their current burden. By taking a multi-point view, this essay aims at evaluating the pros and cons of animal testing from a neutral ground to expose in black and white the nature of this procedure. Consequently, the readers of this paper will experience an unbiased conclusio n based on the real matters in the animal research practice. Animal Testing in Medical Research My concern for animal testing started right from my high school experience when the anatomy class was required, as part of the curriculum, to dissect a frog and analyze it. I could not figure out the reason for the excitement that the anatomy students displayed throughout the whole experience. I was keen to observe the discomfort of the frog during the dissection process and I realized that animals too, just like human beings, are sensitive to pain. When the entire process was complete, it was the happiness of every student to finally relieve the frog from this torture. Later, I came to learn that the procedure of dissecting a frog was conducted for every anatomy class, not only in my high school, but in most other institutions in the world. In addition, I learnt that animals have been used for a long time not only for dissection but also as test subjects for almost every medicine that hu man beings consume today. This experience of frog dissection in high school has a direct connection with the widespread practice of animal testing that has all along seen animals under experimentation. Although animal experimentation has its own benefits in the medical sector, it is a great source of animal suffering, which should also be a concern for any civilized nation. The complexity of this situation can only be resolved if various dimensions of this issue are carefully evaluated. Animal experimentation is a scientific procedure that has grown slowly but consistently since the evolution of scientific research. The underlying fact is that physiologists in the 17th century saw animal research as a new platform to advance the biological and medical knowledge. This scientific procedure emerged when the scientists identified unique similarity between the toxicology effects of drugs in both humans and animals. Rowan, a writer of the scientist magazine, points out that although the d egree of the effects varied in the two species, scientists found that these differences were minimal and could not hinder the adoption of this procedure. Their concern was to find a testing method that would provide empirical and statistical evidence without subjecting human beings to any harm. The argument was that the human species have the highest priority when it comes to medical research. In these

Places Around the World Are Getting More and More Similar Essay Example for Free

Places Around the World Are Getting More and More Similar Essay In the past,people used to travel to many places to see the differences from their home country. Now all the places around the world are getting more and more similar. What is the cause of this simailarity? Do you think that the advantage of thissimilarity overweigh the disadvantages? Recently ,lack of unique place to travel has become a top discussions in our daily life. It will be disappointed for people who expect to find a difference of their own country. In my opinion,the most important factor of this issue may be globalization,and globalization certainly has the potential to bring about great advance for humankind. Nowadays,in tourist areas of the developing world we can follow a growing international trend in many aspects,and also I believe it is a good way for our social development. For example,many modern buildings,especially skyscrapers with glass walls are being erected here and there,and some of them even become the symbols of a city around the world. Clearly,this is an unavoidable trend. It should not only can house more people and host more office,but also can make valuable tourist resource. In other side,we can also observe a changing happened in leisure time pursuits and culture exchange. Chinese youths shopping at department store in Shanghai,hang out in club over a glass of beer in much the same way that their American counterparts do in NewYork. The third one is that television and internet as very powerful medium of influence over large populations. Younger generations the world over who can through these mordern technologies often encounter the same media such as advertisements,films,TV chanels popular brands and so on. At the same time,many argue that the costs of globalization are too high and that differences between countries and communitices need to be maintained before we quickly and completely lose all sense of who we are,where we came from and what choice are still available to us. After all,historic places provide a physical link to our past. In sum up,only by further developing the way in which we manmage our societies can we make sure that those currently not in control of globalization can make their voices heard in the political processes affecting the rang of their own personal choices.

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Between study group, debate, and chess tournaments there wasn’t much of a social scene around Winchester University in Omaha, Nebraska. The school year at this college was year round, but the students were given a 30 day summer vacation in July. The majority of the students went back home to visit their families during this time. But as juniors at the University Charles, Fredrick, and Stanley, all childhood buddies, decided it was time for a change and that they needed a little more spice in their life. Realizing that they were almost twenty-one and had never breached their comfort zone, they knew a road trip was in store.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As June came to an end the nearly grown men finished exams and planned to leave for their escapade the first day of July, also being the 1st day of break. They made a pact to keep the trip a secret until their return, for the main reason that their parents wouldn’t approve. If their families had any question as to why hey weren’t coming home to visit, they would simply say they were staying at the University to get ahead on the following year. This would be a reasonable lie, because no one would expect them to do any different.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The morning of their departure they loaded all the luggage and food that they could into Fredrick’s forest green Ford focus. Before they pulled out of the parking lot they had to lay some ground rules:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ~ No school attire   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ~ No proper English   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ~ No acting like themselves, only the new â€Å"cool† young adults that they were. Freddy, as they called him, established one last rule. They were to stop at four places and the rest of the time they were driving. This gave them a reasonable amount of time to live and get back to the University to start the New Year. And now†¦they were off†¦ As Freddy peeled out of the parking lot Charles, sitting in the passenger seat, turned on 93.3 KTNP modern rock.. The first 3 days of their trip were mainly getting out of the places they had seen time and time again. They didn’t experience much except for driving and eating as they reminisced on the past. Stopping frequently for Stanley’s immensely small bladder they reached about 50 miles the first few days. As they approached the evening on July 3rd they drove by a college, and decided to see if anyone would let them crash for the night.

Quality of life Scenario Essay

PART ONE Medical-Surgical Cases 2. What is the rationale for changing the method of administering furosemide? [c] M.G. is fl uid overloaded and needs to decrease fl uid volume in a short period. IV administration is delivered directly into the vascular system, where it can start to work immediately. In HF, blood fl ow to the entire GI system is compromised; therefore the absorption of orally ingested medications may be variable and take longer to work. 3. You administer furosemide 80 mg IVP. Identify three parameters you would use to monitor the effectiveness of this medication. [k] †¢ Daily weight †¢ I&O †¢ Decreased dependent edema †¢ Decreased SOB, decreased crackles in the bases of the lungs, and possibly decreased O2 demands †¢ Decreased JVD 4. What laboratory tests should be ordered for M.G. related to (R/T) the order for furosemide? [c] Furosemide 80 mg is a potent diuretic, which may cause the loss of potassium and magnesium. These 2 electrolytes are important in maintaining a stable heart rhythm. These electrolytes will need to be supplemented if the levels are low. âÅ" ½ Note: Most HF admissions are R/T fl uid volume overload. Patients who do not require intensive care monitoring can most often be treated initially with IVP diuretics, O2, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. 5. How do ACE inhibitors help in HF? [k] ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This results in systemic vasodilation, thereby reducing preload (reducing the volume of blood entering the left ventricle) and afterload (reducing the resistance to the left ventricular contraction) in patients in HF. âÅ" ½ Instructor Note: You could tell the students that the most frequent side  effect of ACE inhibitors is a persistent, nonproductive cough. The intensity of the symptoms tends to be dose related; the higher the dose, the more intense the cough. An important alternative medication is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), often called â€Å"an ACE without a cough.† Mosby items and derived items  © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 3  chapter 1 Cardiovascular Disorders Case Study 1 6. M.G.’s symptoms improve with IV diuretics. She is ordered back on oral furosemide once her weight loss is deemed adequate to achieve a euvolemic state. What will determine if the oral dose will be adequate to consider her for discharge? [k] It is critical to help the primary care provider assess whether the change from IV to oral diuretics can maintain a stable weight. One of the fl uid management goals for patients in HF is to maintain a target weight. This is done by monitoring daily morning weight, keeping an accurate I&O, and recording subjective symptoms. 7. M.G. is ready for discharge. What key management concepts should be taught to prevent relapse and another admission? âÅ" ½ Hint: Use the mnemonic MAWDS. [k] The most essential aspect of teaching hospitalized patients without overloading them is to focus on realistic key points. Teaching should be aimed at tips to improve symptoms and prevent readmission. The 5 most important concepts for patients with HF are included in MAWDS instructions. Medications: Take as directed, do not skip a dose, and do not run out of medications. Activity: Stay as active as you can while limiting your symptoms. Weight: Weigh every morning. Call if you gain or lose 2 pounds overnight or 5 pounds from your target weight. Diet: Follow a low-salt diet and limit fl uids to less than 2 quarts or liters per day. Symptoms: Know what symptoms to report to your provider; report early to prevent readmission. Mosby items and derived items  © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Free Essays on Team Company

Introduction Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Cisco's Internet Protocol-based (IP) networking solutions are the foundation of the Internet and most corporate, education, and government networks around the world. Cisco is famous for its routers and switches that link networks and power the Internet. It also makes network access servers and management software. Although the company is very young, it has achieved an enormous growth in the last decade. The computer networking industry is an extremely fast paced business. Technology is constantly evolving, forcing companies to come up with more innovative products. The customers are well informed about the market and very demanding. They can easily switch from Cisco to one of the numerous competitors. The competition is very tough with more companies moving into the networking industry. However, the rewards are far greater than risks: in 1998, Cisco had net income of more than $1 billion and was growing at 3 1% rate. The success of the company was due to the groundbreaking research and development, exceptional marketing and excellent staffing. Identified Relevance of Innovation Perhaps the most important strength Cisco has is the Globally Networked Business. This is a mixture of programs that permits the company to converse online with their stakeholders. At any time, employees, partners, customers, and suppliers are able to retrieve online information. In 1997, the company was able to avoid spending $250 million due to the Globally Networked Business application. This strength could be the basis of an ongoing competitive advantage if the company could develop a way to construct the process for current and prospective clients. The Globally Networked Business has the capability of giving Cisco a sustainable competitive advantage in the industry. To stay on top, Cisco must constantly develop and improve its products and services. The major ... Free Essays on Team Company Free Essays on Team Company Introduction Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Cisco's Internet Protocol-based (IP) networking solutions are the foundation of the Internet and most corporate, education, and government networks around the world. Cisco is famous for its routers and switches that link networks and power the Internet. It also makes network access servers and management software. Although the company is very young, it has achieved an enormous growth in the last decade. The computer networking industry is an extremely fast paced business. Technology is constantly evolving, forcing companies to come up with more innovative products. The customers are well informed about the market and very demanding. They can easily switch from Cisco to one of the numerous competitors. The competition is very tough with more companies moving into the networking industry. However, the rewards are far greater than risks: in 1998, Cisco had net income of more than $1 billion and was growing at 3 1% rate. The success of the company was due to the groundbreaking research and development, exceptional marketing and excellent staffing. Identified Relevance of Innovation Perhaps the most important strength Cisco has is the Globally Networked Business. This is a mixture of programs that permits the company to converse online with their stakeholders. At any time, employees, partners, customers, and suppliers are able to retrieve online information. In 1997, the company was able to avoid spending $250 million due to the Globally Networked Business application. This strength could be the basis of an ongoing competitive advantage if the company could develop a way to construct the process for current and prospective clients. The Globally Networked Business has the capability of giving Cisco a sustainable competitive advantage in the industry. To stay on top, Cisco must constantly develop and improve its products and services. The major ...